This research looks at how people enter, move through, and transition out of pain services. It includes work on referral and triage, wait-time supports, virtual care, patient education, self-management, knowledge translation, and the design of more accessible and patient-centred systems.

1. Bosma, R., Mustafa, N., Burke, E., Alsius, A., Bisson, E. J., Cooper, L. K., Salomons, T. V., Galica, J., Poulin, P. A., Wiggin, M., Di Renna, T., Rash, J. A., & Wilson, R. A. (2025). Actively Waiting: Feasibility and acceptability of a virtual self-management program designed to empower people with chronic pain waiting for interprofessional care. Pain Management Nursing, 26(2), e131-e142. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.020
2. Zahrai, A., Bisson, E. J., Shergill, Y., Rice, D., Zur Nedden, N., Cooper, L., James, D., Rash, J. A., Bosma, R., Ramsay, T., & Poulin, P. (2025). Implementation and effectiveness of the Power Over Pain Portal for patients awaiting a tertiary care consultation for chronic pain: Protocol for a pilot, prospective, cohort, mixed methods study. JMIR Research Protocols, 14, e64801. Online: https://doi.org/10.2196/64801
3. King, A. C., Zahrai, A., Bisson, E. J., Shergill, Y., Rice, D., Wai, E., Zur Nedden, N., Cooper, L., James, D., Rash, J. A., Bosma, R., Ramsay, T., & Poulin, P. (2025). Implementation-effectiveness of the Power Over Pain Portal for patients awaiting a tertiary care consultation for chronic pain: A pilot feasibility study. Digital Health, 11, 20552076251326229. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251326229
4. Clarke, H., Waisman, A., Aternali, A., Axenova, K., Almohawis, A., Curtis, K., Fiorellino, J., Flynn, M., Ganty, P., Huang, A., Hong, Z., Katznelson, R., Kotteeswaran, Y., Ladak, S., Ladha, K. S., Lomanowska, A., Lumsden-Ruegg, H., Mahamid, A., McCarthy, M., . . . Katz, J. (2025). Ten years of transitional pain service research and practice: Where are we and where do we go from here? Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 50(2), 188-203. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-105609
5. Lomanowska, A. M., Tahir, R., Choo, C., Zhu, S., Wang, D. Y., Slepian, P. M., Katz, J., & Clarke, H. (2025). Knowledge translation initiatives at the Transitional Pain Service: Insights from healthcare provider outreach and patient education. BMC Health Services Research, 25, Article 169. Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12301-y
6. Bosma, R., Rosenbloom, B. N., Burke, E., Aquino, C., Stanley, C., Coombs, K., Nella, A., James, S., Clarke, H., Flamer, D., Bhatia, A., Flannery, J., Smith, A., & Di Renna, T. (2024). An examination of referrals declined for chronic pain care: There is increasing mental health complexity within care-seeking patients with chronic pain over time. Canadian Journal of Pain, 8(1), 2337074. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2024.2337074
7. Di Renna, T., Burke, E., Bhatia, A., Clarke, H., Flamer, D., Flannery, J., Furlan, A., Kumbhare, D., Khan, J., Ladha, K., Meng, H., Smith, A., Sussman, D., & Bosma, R. (2024). Improving access to chronic pain care with central referral and triage: The 6-year findings from a single-entry model. Canadian Journal of Pain, 8(1), 2297561. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2023.2297561
8. Kassam, S., Wong, E., Thompson, M., Tran, T., Bosma, R., & Sheffe, S. (2024). 'Discharge doesn't mean the end': Exploring success in discharge to community self-management for young adults living with chronic pain: A qualitative study. Canadian Journal of Pain, 8(1), 2346943. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2024.2346943
9. King, A. C., Zahrai, A., Bisson, E., Shergill, Y., Andreev, P., Bosma, R., MacNeil, A. O., Radhakrishnan, A., Rash, J. A., Wilson, R., & Poulin, P. (2024). Acceptability of the Power Over Pain Portal among patients awaiting tertiary care consultation: A qualitative study of patients' perceptions. Digital Health, 10, 20552076241288748. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241288748
10. Poitras, M.-E., Poirier, M.-D., Bosma, R., Vaillancourt, V. T., Deom Tardif, A., Beaulieu, C., Baron, M.-H., Manolescu, D.-C., & LeBlanc, A. (2024). Integration of patient-oriented research principles in health institutions: A scoping review protocol. BMJ Open, 14, e082729. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082729
11. McEwen, V., Esterlis, M. M., Lorello, R. G., Sud, A., Englesakis, F. M., & Bhatia, A. (2023). A scoping review of gaps identified by primary care providers in caring for patients with chronic noncancer pain. Canadian Journal of Pain, 7(1), 2145940. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2022.2145940
12. Bosma, R., Bisson, E. J., Cooper, L. K., Salomons, T. V., Galica, J., & Wilson, R. A. (2023). Experience-based design: Empowering individuals while they wait for interprofessional chronic pain care. Patient Education and Counseling, 109, 107623. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2023.107623
13. Kaloty, K., Rudecki, J., Craine, V., Moyes, A., Armstrong, R., Baxter, M., Hunter, J., Mustafa, N., Grant, G., Vader, K., & Bosma, R. (2023). Virtual care exercise interventions in multidisciplinary chronic pain clinics: A qualitative study of perspectives of adults living with chronic pain. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45, 2976-2983. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2117864
14. Hassan, S., Stevens, B., Watt-Watson, J., Switzer-McIntyre, S., Flannery, J., & Furlan, A. D. (2022). Development and initial evaluation of psychometric properties of a Pain Competence Assessment Tool. The Journal of Pain, 23(3), 398-410. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2021.09.002
15. Oreper, J., Khalid, A., Sheffe, S., Mustafa, N., Vader, K., & Bosma, R. (2022). Defining success in transitions from pediatric to adult chronic pain care: A descriptive qualitative study of perspectives of young adults living with chronic pain. Pain Medicine, 23(7), 1217-1224. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnac058

This research examines pain in the context of pelvic and reproductive health, including endometriosis, persistent pelvic pain, hysterectomy, and gender-affirming surgery. It also explores patient expectations, access to care, surgical outcomes, and ways to integrate reproductive health into whole-person pain care.

1. Wilk Goldsher, Y., Davoudi, D., Lajkosz, K., MacLeod, E., Pickel, L., Drodge, O., Potter, E., Grober, E. D., Krakowsky, Y., & Millman, A. L. (2026). Gender-affirming orchiectomy with or without scrotectomy? Patients' perspectives and surgical outcomes. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 23(2), qdaf401. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf401
2. Bosma, R., Rosenbloom, B. N., Nella, A., Ng, K., & Di Renna, T. (2025). Incorporating reproductive health into holistic chronic pain management: Bridging a critical gap. Pain Reports, 10(5), e1330. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001330
3. Rosenbloom, B. N., Di Renna, T., Nella, A., Leonardi, M., Tiong, M., Lee, S., & Bosma, R. (2025). Screening for endometriosis: A scoping review of screening measures that could support early diagnosis. BMC Women's Health, 25(1), 353. Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03866-1
4. Hong, M., Crone, A., Gashi, E., Pietluch, M., Reinders, M., Uchida, J., Nella, A., MacKay, C., Drodge, O., & Bosma, R. (2025). Where best practice pain care and patient expectations for care meet: Exploring patient expectations around chronic pelvic pain, physiotherapy, and the biopsychosocial model of care. Women's Health, 21, 17455057251349626. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251349626
5. Shivji, A., Benlolo, S., Hanlon, J. G., Shirreff, L., Husslein, H., & Shore, E. M. (2025). Predictors of perioperative opioid use in hysterectomy patients. JSLS, 29(4), e2025.00064. Online: https://doi.org/10.4293/JSLS.2025.00064
6. Giron-Arango, L., Kirkham, K. R., Millman, A. L., Krakowsky, Y., Wilk Goldsher, Y., Drodge, O., Li, Q., Huszti, E., & Brull, R. (2025). The analgesic effects of a saddle block with intrathecal morphine for penile-inversion vaginoplasty: A retrospective study. Local and Regional Anesthesia, 18, 143-150. Online: https://doi.org/10.2147/LRA.S537907
7. Burke, E., Di Renna, T., Mustafa, N., Ginter, C., Carter, W., Corkery, C., Sheffe, S., Wilson, R., Lemos, N., & Bosma, R. (2024). Empowered management for pelvic pain: The experiences of women with persistent pelvic pain participating in an online self-directed self-management program while they wait for interprofessional care. Women's Health, 20, 17455057231224960. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057231224960
8. Bosma, R., Burke, E., Mustafa, N., Di Renna, T., & Wilson, R. (2023). Fractured system, fractured care: The experiences of Canadian women with chronic pelvic pain waiting for interprofessional pain care. Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders, 15(1), 28-34. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/22840265221148786

This body of work explores the close relationship between chronic pain, mental health, trauma, stigma, and substance use. It includes studies of psychological treatments, meditation, ketamine, psychedelic therapies, suicide risk, resilience, and how explanations of pain can shape public attitudes and care.

1. K. Curtis, A. Muere, E. Robertson, V. Bains, D. Alvares, A. Kalleitner, P. Peng, P. Tumber, E. Baig, Y. Hoydonckx, P. Kumar, S. Sahni, A. Alomari, T. Di Renna, K. Ladha, A. Bhatia & N. Soneji (15 Jul 2026): Innovative integration of high dose ketamine infusion, psychological services, and specialized multidisciplinary pain care for refractory pain syndromes, Pain Management, Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/17581869.2026.2696883. 
2. Kazdan, J., Ladha, K. S., & Husain, M. I. (2026). Psychedelic therapies for comorbid major depressive disorder and chronic pain: A review of putative mechanisms of action. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 14(2), e70238. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70238
3. Magel, B., McCall, I. C., Donner, K., Bosma, R., Burke, E., Chandler, J. A., Lo, C., Patmore, D., Sukhera, J., Davis, K. D., & Buchman, D. Z. (2026). Exploring the effect of disease explanations of chronic pain on stigma. The Journal of Pain, 44, 106299. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106299
4. Williams, C. M., Siegal, R., Ratnasekera, A., McCarthy, M., Flynn, M., Gobin, K., McGillis, L., Mittal, N., Buryk-Iggers, S., Di Renna, T., Rozenberg, D., Katz, J., Clarke, H., & Slepian, P. M. (2026). Non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts among individuals seeking assessment for Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 207, 112660. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2026.112660
5. Rosenbloom, B. N., Curtis, K., Williams, C., Slepian, P. M., McCarthy, M., Flynn, M., Nella, A., Kim, A., Siegal, R., Englesakis, M., Ladha, K. S., Di Renna, T., & Bosma, R. (2026). Is treating both chronic pain and trauma-related symptoms at the same time effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions. Pain, 167(7), e207-e221. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003967
6. Bosma, R., Curtis, K., Williams, C., Slepian, P. M., McCarthy, M., Flynn, M., Nella, A., Kim, A., Siegal, R., Englesakis, M., Ladha, K., Di Renna, T., & Rosenbloom, B. N. (2026). Treating pain and trauma: A systematic review of non-randomized studies of psychotherapeutic approaches. The Journal of Pain, 106342. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106342
7. Parakh, N., Lessor, D., Dang, K., Ritvo, P., Wijeysundera, D. N., Tucci, V., Leda, M., Lu, M., Mattina, G., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Thomas, Z., Nayar, R., Hanlon, J. G., Pereira, S. M., Ladha, K. S., Clarke, H., Rizvi, S. J., Pritlove, C., & Goel, A. (2026). PAINscape - Exploring patient experiences with ketamine for chronic neuropathic pain: A qualitative study. Canadian Journal of Pain, 10(1), 2615473. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2026.2615473
8. Xiao, M. Z. X., Curtis, K., Muere, A., Pushparaj, H., Bains, V., Hoydonckx, Y., Kumar, P., Baig, E., Alomari, A., D'Souza, R. S., & Bhatia, A. (2026). Evaluation of a mental health screening tool to determine the need for psychological interview for patients offered neuromodulation implant therapies for pain. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. Advance online publication. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2025-107507
9. Cheng, D. K., Simpson, R., Moineddin, R., Katz, J., Mulsant, B. H., Vasudev, A., Greiver, M., Hosseiny, F., Inzitari, M., Newman, R. I., Rivlin, L., Foat, K. D., Furlan, A. D., Flannery, J. F., Telner, D., Bosma, R., Naimer, M., Chung, C., Pinto, A. D., Nelson, M. L. A., Upshur, R., & Sud, A. (2025). A multi-site, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial of virtually delivered Sahaj Samadhi Meditation for the management of moderate depressive symptoms in chronic pain. Journal of Pain Research, 18, 2925-2946. Online: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S515229
10. Lu, M., Tucci, V., Parakh, N., Pereira, S. M., Leda, M., Mattina, G., Nayar, R., Thomas, Z., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Ladha, K. S., Wijeysundera, D. N., Ritvo, P., McIsaac, D. I., Khan, J., Rosenblat, J., Rizvi, S. J., Ramsay, G., Pritlove, C., & Goel, A. (2025). Prospective preference assessment for the Ecstasy for Alleviating Severe Chronic Neuropathic Pain (EASE-Pain) trial. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 72, 1406-1415. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-03031-0
11. McCall, I. C., et al. (2024). Attitudes towards disease model explanations of chronic pain among Canadian and US adults without chronic pain: Ethical implications for stigma. The Journal of Hospital Ethics, 10(2), 82. Online: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/attitudes-towards-disease-model-explanations/docview/3132949287/se-2?accountid=37543
12. Hector, M. S., Cheng, J. C., Hemington, K. S., Rogachov, A., Kim, J. A., Osborne, N. R., Bosma, R. L., Fauchon, C., Ayoub, L. J., Inman, R., Oh, J., Anastakis, D. J., & Davis, K. D. (2023). Resilience is associated with cortical gray matter of the antinociceptive pathway in people with chronic pain. Biological Psychology, 183, 108658. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108658
13. Drozdz, S. J., Goel, A., McGarr, M. W., Katz, J., Ritvo, P., Mattina, G. F., Bhat, V., Diep, C., & Ladha, K. S. (2022). Ketamine assisted psychotherapy: A systematic narrative review of the literature. Journal of Pain Research, 15, 1691-1706. Online: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S360733
14. Diep, C., Bhat, V., Wijeysundera, D. N., Clarke, H. A., & Ladha, K. S. (2022). The association between recent cannabis use and suicidal ideation in adults: A population-based analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 67(4), 260-268. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743721996112

This research focuses on preventing and treating pain after surgery, reducing persistent opioid use, and supporting people at risk of developing long-term postsurgical pain. It includes transitional pain services, patient education, medications, hypnosis, cryotherapy, and approaches for both adults and children.

1. Hussain, N., Brull, R., Gilron, I., Nguyen, A., D'Souza, R., Weaver, T., Bhatia, A., Clarke, H., Banik, R., Abdel-Rasoul, M., & Abdallah, F. W. (2026). Association of preoperative corticosteroids with persistent opioid requirements following total knee arthroplasty: An exploratory population-based cohort study. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 73(3), 243-252. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-026-03118-2
2. Hussain, N., Brull, R., Gilron, I., Bhatia, A., Guirguis, F., Alghothani, O., D'Souza, R., Karri, J., Weaver, T., Urman, R., & Abdallah, F. W. (2026). Association of perioperative gabapentinoids with persistent opioid requirements following below knee amputation: A nationwide claims-based retrospective cohort study. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 112, 112239. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2026.112239
3. Tiongco, A. F., & Bhatia, A. (2026). Esmolol as a part of perioperative multimodal analgesia regimen: A pretender or the real McCoy? Anesthesia & Analgesia, 142(5), 879-881. Online: https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000007901
4. Dinsmore, M., Nijs, K., Plitman, E., Al Azazi, E., Venkatraghavan, L., Ladha, K., & Clarke, H. (2025). Oral ketamine for acute postoperative analgesia (OKAPA) trial: A randomized controlled, single-center pilot study. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 100, 111690. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111690
5. Rosenbloom, B. N., Frederiksen, S. D., Wang, V., Birnie, K. A., Park, C. S., Gordon, G., Rasic, N., Stinson, J. N., & Rabbitts, J. A. (2025). Prevalence of and recommendation for measuring chronic postsurgical pain in children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 50(2), 132. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-105697
6. Ladha, K. S., Vachhani, K., Gabriel, G., Darville, R., Everett, K., Gatley, J. M., Saskin, R., Wong, D., Ganty, P., Katznelson, R., Huang, A., Fiorellino, J., Tamir, D., Slepian, M., Katz, J., & Clarke, H. (2024). Impact of a Transitional Pain Service on postoperative opioid trajectories: A retrospective cohort study. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 49(9), 650-655. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2023-104709
7. Page, M. G., Ganty, P., Wong, D., Rao, V., Khan, J., Ladha, K., Hanlon, J., Miles, S., Katznelson, R., Wijeysundera, D., Katz, J., & Clarke, H. (2024). A prospective cohort study of acute pain and in-hospital opioid consumption after cardiac surgery: Associations with psychological and medical factors and chronic postsurgical pain. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 138(6), 1192-1204. Online: https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000006848
8. Rosenbloom, B. N., Slepian, P. M., Azam, M. A., Aternali, A., Birnie, K. A., Curtis, K., Thaker, S., Ladak, S., Waisman, A., Clarke, H., Katz, J., & Weinrib, A. Z. (2024). A randomized controlled trial of clinical hypnosis as an opioid-sparing adjunct treatment for pain relief in adults undergoing major oncologic surgery. Journal of Pain Research, 17, 45-59. Online: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S424639
9. Azam, M. A., Weinrib, A. Z., Slepian, P. M., Rosenbloom, B. N., Waisman, A., Clarke, H., & Katz, J. (2024). Effects of perioperative clinical hypnosis on heart rate variability in patients undergoing oncologic surgery: Secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Pain Research, 5, 1354015. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1354015
10. Darville-Beneby, R., Lomanowska, A. M., Yu, H. C., Jobin, P., Rosenbloom, B. N., Gabriel, G., Daudt, H., Negraeff, M., Di Renna, T., Hudspith, M., & Clarke, H. (2023). The impact of preoperative patient education on postoperative pain, opioid use, and psychological outcomes: A narrative review. Canadian Journal of Pain, 7(2), 2266751. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2023.2266751
11. Yu, H. C., Kleiman, V., Kojic, K., Slepian, P. M., Cortes, H., McRae, K., et al. (2023). Prevention and management of chronic postsurgical pain and persistent opioid use following solid organ transplantation: Experiences from the Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service. Transplantation, 107(6), 1398-1405. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000004441
12. Isaac, L., Rosenbloom, B. N., Tyrrell, J., Ruskin, D. A., & Birnie, K. A. (2023). Development and expansion of a pediatric transitional pain service to prevent complex chronic pain. Frontiers in Pain Research, 4, 1173675. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1173675
13. Muaddi, H., Lillie, E., Silva, S., Cross, J. L., Ladha, K., Choi, S., Mocon, A., & Karanicolas, P. (2023). The effect of cryotherapy application on postoperative pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Surgery, 277(2), e257-e265. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000004987
14. Rosenbloom, B. N., Pavlova, M., & Katz, J. (2022). Special issue: Developmental perspectives on the transition of acute to chronic pain after surgery. Canadian Journal of Pain, 6(2), 46-48. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2022.2090323
15. Shanthanna, H., Ladha, K. S., Kehlet, H., & Joshi, G. P. (2021). Perioperative opioid administration: A Critical Review of Opioid-free versus Opioid-sparing Approaches. Anesthesiology, 134(4), 645-659. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003572

This research examines how pain medications and substances are used, their possible benefits and risks, and their relationship to health outcomes. Topics include opioids, cannabis, low back pain medications, substance use, sleep, cardiovascular health, and population-level prescribing patterns.

1. Fontaine, E., El-Mourad, J., Dubois, C., Eurich, D. T., Dyck, J. R. B., Hanlon, J. G., & Zongo, A. (2026). Opioid initiation in older patients with chronic pain who received authorized cannabis prescription. Substance Use & Misuse, 61(6), 918-929. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2586250
2. Williams, C. M., McCarthy, M., Flynn, M., Siegal, R., Buryk-Iggers, S., Gobin, K. C., Rozenberg, D., Rachinsky, M., Ganty, P., McGillis, L., Mittal, N., Di Renna, T., Katz, J., Clarke, H., & Slepian, P. M. (2025). Associations between pain and substance use among individuals diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes or generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Advance online publication. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-025-10409-3
3. Bicket, M. C., Ladha, K. S., Boehnke, K. F., Lai, Y., Gunaseelan, V., Waljee, J. F., Englesbe, M., & Brummett, C. M. (2024). The association of cannabis use after discharge from surgery with opioid consumption and patient-reported outcomes. Annals of Surgery, 279(3), 437-442. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000006085
4. Cashin, A. G., Wand, B. M., O'Connell, N. E., Lee, H., Rizzo, R. R. N., Bagg, M. K., O'Hagan, E., Maher, C. G., Furlan, A. D., van Tulder, M. W., & McAuley, J. H. (2023). Pharmacological treatments for low back pain in adults: An overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2023(4), CD013815. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013815.pub2
5. Diep, C., Goel, A., Wijeysundera, D. N., Clarke, H., & Ladha, K. S. (2023). Co-use of cannabis and prescription opioids in adults in the USA: A population-based, cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES from 2009 to 2018. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 48(4), 145-149. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-103933
6. Diep, C., & Ladha, K. S. (2023). Reply to: 'Co-use of opioids with cannabis - evaluating risks and benefits'. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 48(12), 626-627. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2023-104626
7. Sud, A., Buchman, D. Z., Furlan, A. D., Selby, P., Spithoff, S. M., & Upshur, R. E. G. (2022). Chronic pain and opioid prescribing: Three ways for navigating complexity at the clinical-population health interface. American Journal of Public Health, 112(S1), S56-S65. Online: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306500
8. Diep, C., Tian, C., Vachhani, K., Won, C., Wijeysundera, D. N., Clarke, H., Singh, M., & Ladha, K. S. (2022). Recent cannabis use and nightly sleep duration in adults: A population analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 47, 100-104. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2021-103161
9. Ladha, K. S., Mistry, N., Wijeysundera, D. N., Clarke, H., Verma, S., Hare, G. M. T., & Mazer, C. D. (2021). Recent cannabis use and myocardial infarction in young adults: A cross-sectional study. CMAJ, 193(35), E1377-E1384. Online: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202392
10. Ladha, K. S., Wijeysundera, D. N., Wunsch, H., Clarke, H., Diep, C., & Gomes, T. (2021). The association between prescription opioid dispensing and opioid-related morbidity and mortality in Ontario, Canada: An ecological study of public health units. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 227, 108989. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108989

This research studies specialized procedures and treatment approaches for complex pain conditions. It includes spinal cord and peripheral nerve stimulation, injections, cancer pain interventions, sacroiliac joint pain, myofascial pain, low back pain, and rehabilitation for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

1. El-Sayed, R., Sanmugananthan, V. V., Besik, A., Osborne, N. R., Mills, E. P., Fauchon, C., Bhatia, A., Dunkley, B. T., & Davis, K. D. (2026). Alpha oscillations and conditioned pain modulation is associated with treatment resistance to spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain. European Journal of Pain, 30(4), e70254. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.70254
2. Roux, E., Gulati, A., Bhatia, A., & Hao, D. (2026). Access to interventional therapies for cancer pain: An exploratory survey of cancer pain experts. Interventional Pain Medicine, 5(1), 100727. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100727
3. Chan, H. A., Kapoor, B., Rai, Y., Karatu, F., Jalilian, F., Hanlon, J., Bhatia, A., Sussman, D., Diep, C., Ladha, K. S., & Goel, A. (2025). Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: A retrospective cohort study of patients from a Canadian tertiary centre. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 72(7), 1110-1117. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-025-03001-6
4. McCormick, Z. L., Hurley, R. W., Anitescu, M., Bhaskar, A., Bhatia, A., Cassidy, R. C., Chen, A. S., Dawson, T. C., De Andres Ares, J., de Campos, J. L., Hayek, S. M., Hernandez-Porras, B. C., Kissoon, N. R., Kohan, L. R., Elgueta Le Beuffe, M. F., Moon, J. Y., Provenzano, D. A., Reece, D. E., Schuster, N. M., . . . Cohen, S. P. (2025). Consensus practice guidelines on sacroiliac joint complex pain from a multispecialty, international working group. Pain Medicine, 26(12), 817-917. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaf129
5. Gunasekaran, P., Darville, R., Alomari, A., Alvares, D., Bains, V., Robertson, E., Kumar, P., Hoydonckx, Y., Baig, E., D'Souza, R. S., & Bhatia, A. (2025). Appropriate selection or poor triaging: Assessment of patient profiles presenting to a neuromodulation for pain program at a tertiary academic center. A&A Practice, 19(9), e02053. Online: https://doi.org/10.1213/XAA.0000000000002053
6. Zhang, Y., Sahni, S., Chung, O., Kumar, P., Alomari, A., Hayek, S., & Bhatia, A. (2025). Impact of adjuvant analgesics on outcomes of spinal cord and peripheral nerve stimulation: A scoping review. Pain Medicine. Advance online publication. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaf105
7. Zeng, Y., & Bhatia, A. (2025). New modes of spinal cord stimulation for pain syndromes: Similar yet different approaches to improving outcomes. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 69(12), 1256-1259. Online: https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_976_25
8. Chung, O. S., Gabriel, G. M., Alomari, A., & Bhatia, A. (2025). Assessing the clinical utility of composite outcomes in studies examining outcomes of implantable neuromodulation therapies for pain: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 15(12), e113138. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-113138
9. Steen, J. P., Jaiswal, K. S., & Kumbhare, D. (2025). Myofascial pain syndrome: An update on clinical characteristics, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Muscle & Nerve. Advance online publication. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.28377
10. Hassan, S., Nesovic, K., Babineau, J., Furlan, A. D., Kumbhare, D., & Carlesso, L. C. (2023). Identifying chronic low back pain phenotypic domains and characteristics accounting for individual variation: A systematic review. Pain, 164(10), 2148-2190. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002911
11. Ladha, K. S., Kitchen, S., Miles, S., Clarke, H., & Gomes, T. (2023). Use of injections for chronic pain from 2010 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 70(1), 100-105. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-022-02357-3
12. Buryk-Iggers, S., Mittal, N., Santa Mina, D., Adams, S. C., Englesakis, M., Rachinsky, M., Lopez-Hernandez, L., Hussey, L., McGillis, L., McLean, L., Laflamme, C., Rozenberg, D., & Clarke, H. (2022). Exercise and rehabilitation in people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A systematic review. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 4(2), 100189. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100189
13. Evans, V., Behr, M., Gangwar, A., Noseworthy, M. D., & Kumbhare, D. (2021). Potential role of MRI imaging for myofascial pain: A scoping review for the clinicians and theoretical considerations. Journal of Pain Research, 14, 1505-1514. Online: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S302683

This research investigates how the brain processes and regulates pain, and why pain differs from one person to another. It uses brain imaging and neurophysiology to study pain sensitivity, pain modulation, resilience, treatment response, sex-related differences, and potential biological markers of chronic pain.

1. El-Sayed, R., Sanmugananthan, V. V., Cheng, J. C., Rogachov, A., Osborne, N. R., Besik, A., Hemington, K. S., Kim, J. A., Bosma, R. L., Mills, E. P., Dunkley, B. T., & Davis, K. D. (2026). Individual differences in conditioned pain modulation are associated with alpha oscillations. Pain, 167(2), 344-355. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003804
2. Makki, A. S., Hemington, K. S., Rogachov, A., Cheng, J. C., Bosma, R. L., Osborne, N. R., El-Sayed, R., Inman, R. D., Dunkley, B. T., & Davis, K. D. (2026). Theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the dynamic pain connectome in healthy individuals and abnormalities in people with chronic pain. Journal of Neurophysiology, 135(4), 951-964. Online: https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00492.2025
3. Kelardashti, N., Dunkley, B. T., El-Sayed, R., Sanmugananthan, V. V., Kim, J. A., Osborne, N. R., Cheng, J. C., Rogachov, A., Bosma, R. L., Besik, A. E., & Davis, K. D. (2025). Alpha and theta oscillations associated with behavioral phenotypes of pain-attention interaction. Brain and Behavior, 15(1), e70190. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70190
4. Li, J. Z., Mills, E. P., Osborne, N. R., Cheng, J. C., Sanmugananthan, V. V., El-Sayed, R., Besik, A., Kim, J. A., Bosma, R. L., Rogachov, A., & Davis, K. D. (2025). Individual differences in conditioned pain modulation are associated with functional connectivity within the descending antinociceptive pathway. Pain, 166(6), 1436-1449. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003478
5. Mills, E. P., Bosma, R. L., Rogachov, A., Cheng, J. C., Osborne, N. R., Kim, J. A., Besik, A., El-Sayed, R., Bhatia, A., & Davis, K. D. (2025). Sex-specific white matter abnormalities across the dynamic pain connectome in neuropathic pain: A fixel-based analysis study. Human Brain Mapping, 46(1), e70135. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70135
6. Mills, E. P., Bosma, R. L., Rogachov, A., Cheng, J. C., Osborne, N. R., Kim, J. A., Besik, A., Bhatia, A., & Davis, K. D. (2024). Pretreatment brain white matter integrity associated with neuropathic pain relief and changes in temporal summation of pain following ketamine. The Journal of Pain, 25(9), 104536. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104536
7. Sanmugananthan, V. V., Cheng, J. C., Hemington, K. S., Rogachov, A., Osborne, N. R., Bosma, R. L., Kim, J. A., Inman, R. D., & Davis, K. D. (2023). Can we characterize A-P/IAP behavioural phenotypes in people with chronic pain? Frontiers in Pain Research, 4, 1057659. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1057659
8. Fauchon, C., Kim, J. A., El-Sayed, R., Osborne, N. R., Rogachov, A., Cheng, J. C., Hemington, K. S., Bosma, R. L., Dunkley, B. T., Oh, J., Bhatia, A., Inman, R. D., & Davis, K. D. (2022). A Hidden Markov Model reveals magnetoencephalography spectral frequency-specific abnormalities of brain state power and phase-coupling in neuropathic pain. Communications Biology, 5, 1000. Online: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03967-9
9. Osborne, N. R., Anastakis, D. J., Kim, J. A., El-Sayed, R., Cheng, J. C., Rogachov, A., Hemington, K. S., Bosma, R. L., Fauchon, C., & Davis, K. D. (2022). Carpal tunnel surgery dampens thalamocortical and normalizes corticocortical functional connectivity. Brain Communications, 4(5), fcac237. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac237
10. Fauchon, C., Kim, J. A., El-Sayed, R., Osborne, N. R., Rogachov, A., Cheng, J. C., Hemington, K. S., Bosma, R. L., Dunkley, B. T., Oh, J., Bhatia, A., Inman, R. D., & Davis, K. D. (2022). Exploring sex differences in alpha brain activity as a potential neuromarker associated with neuropathic pain. Pain, 163(7), 1291-1302. Online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34711764/
11. Osborne, N. R., Cheng, J. C., Rogachov, A., Kim, J. A., Hemington, K. S., Bosma, R. L., Inman, R. D., & Davis, K. D. (2021). Abnormal subgenual anterior cingulate circuitry is unique to women but not men with chronic pain. Pain, 162(1), 97-108. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002016
12. Fauchon, C., Meunier, D., Rogachov, A., Hemington, K. S., Cheng, J. C., Bosma, R. L., Osborne, N. R., Kim, J. A., Hung, P. S., Inman, R. D., & Davis, K. D. (2021). Sex differences in brain modular organization in chronic pain. Pain, 162(4), 1188-1200. Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002104
13. Kim, J. A., Bosma, R. L., Hemington, K. S., Rogachov, A., Osborne, N. R., Cheng, J. C., Dunkley, B. T., & Davis, K. D. (2021). Sex-differences in network level brain dynamics associated with pain sensitivity and pain interference. Human Brain Mapping, 42(3), 598-614. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25245
14. Osborne, N. R., Anastakis, D. J., Kim, J. A., El-Sayed, R., Cheng, J. C., Rogachov, A., Hemington, K. S., Bosma, R. L., Fauchon, C., & Davis, K. D. (2021). Sex-specific abnormalities and treatment-related plasticity of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity in chronic pain. Frontiers in Pain Research, 2, 673538. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2021.673538

This research focuses on the experiences and needs of children and young adults living with pain. It includes extended reality as a pain-management tool and the role of sleep as a potentially modifiable factor affecting pain and well-being.

1. Hess, C. W., Rosenbloom, B. N., Mesaroli, G., Lopez, C., Ngo, N., Cohen, E., Ouellette, C., Gold, J. I., Logan, D., Simons, L. E., & Stinson, J. N. (2025). Extended reality (XR) in pediatric acute and chronic pain: Systematic review and evidence gap map. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 8, e63854. Online: https://doi.org/10.2196/63854
2. Eissa, M., Bhatia, A., Bansal, S., Di Renna, T., McLoone, M., Stinson, J., Campbell, F., Brown, S., Sheffe, S., Law, Y. S., Singh, K., Bosma, R., & Singh, M. (2023). Impairment in sleep health in young adults with chronic pain: A modifiable risk factor. Sleep Science and Practice, 7, Article 4. Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00086-0